Journal of Physical Activity and Hormones
Volume:1 Issue: 2, Spring 2017

Dyslipidemia is caused by genetic and environmental factors that lead to problems with enzyme deficiencies, apolipoproteins, or lipoprotein particles. There are a number of factors that contribute to dyslipidemia; however these factors are not well known. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the association among lifestyle status and dyslipidemia.

One hundred eighty three male (n=102; mean ± SD: 34.9 ± 11.8 years old) and female (n=81; mean ± SD: 32.4 ± 11.2 years old) participated in this study. Each subject’s lifestyle status was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire based on Breslow’s lifestyle index and a composite dietary behavior score obtained from self-reported responses to a 24-item food-frequency.

The results demonstrated a positive relationship between age and BMI with dyslipidemia (P<0.05). On the other hand, the results showed that there is a positive relationship between less healthy foods with total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-c and a positive relationship between healthy foods and HDL-c levels. General linear regression demonstrated that fast food consumption was independently associated with blood lipid profile in male and female.

In conclusion, unhealthy lifestyle, especially having bad food consumption pattern may cause dyslipidemia.

The benefits of rapid recovery after intense exercise are widely recognized, and lactate elimination and inflammation reducing are the main indicators of recovery rate. The effects of water immersion on lactate elimination and C-reactive protein (CRP) not well known, thus the purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of contrast water immersion, active recovery and passive recovery on blood lactate and CRP levels in table tennis players.

This semi-experimental study was assigned to 30 male table tennis athletes who were divided into three groups of 10 as follows: the passive recovery, active recovery and contrast water immersion (alternating hot (38ᴼC) and cold (12ᴼC)) groups. All of the subjects undertook the Bruce test protocol and blood lactate and CRP levels were measured before and immediately after the intense exercise and after 15 min of recovery.

Repeated measures ANOVA test showed that the blood lactate and CRP levels increased immediately after the intense exercise in all three groups (P<0.05). Blood lactate and CRP levels decreased after 15 min passive recovery, active recovery and contrast water immersion compare to after the intense exercise (P<0.05). Bonferroni Post hoc test indicates that blood lactate levels were lower after the contrast water immersion than the passive recovery and active recovery (P<0.05); however for CRP, no significant differences were observed between three types of recovery.

It can be concluded that contrast water immersion is better than passive and active recovery for blood lactate elimination in table tennis players after intensive exercise; however all of these strategies are well for CRP reducing after intensive exercise.

The effects of exercise training on serum BDNF is still unclear, thus the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks moderate intensity aerobic exercise on serum BDNF levels in female athletes.

Twenty female karate athletics were randomly assigned to one of the exercise group (n=10) or control group (n=10). The training group performed endurance training 3 days a week for 8 weeks at an intensity corresponding to 50-60% individual maximum oxygen consumption for 45 min.

Body mass and BMI increased (P<0.05) after 8 weeks aerobic exercise compared to the control group. For WHR, body fat percentage and maximal oxygen consumption there were no significant differences between the exercise group and the control group. There were virtually no changes in body fat percentage, fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and BDNF levels after 8 weeks training.

Serum BDNF level was not affected by 8-week moderate intensity aerobic exercise in female athletes.

Although heavy exercise can independently increase free radical production that may enhance the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation and create more atherogenic LDL particles such as sdLDL, regular training may attenuate these atherogenic conditions. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks regular resistance training on attenuation of sdLDL changes after single session of heavy resistance exercise.

Elevenhealthy young men (aged: 26.6 ± 1.5 years; ± SD) volunteered to participate in this study. One reparation maximum (1-RM) was measured and the subjects were performed a heavy resistance exercise trial consisted of eight exercises (chest press, triceps extension, latissimus pull down, shoulder press, arm curls, leg extension, leg curls, and curl-up) of 8 repetitions with 3 sets at 80% of 1RM. Thereafter, the subjects were performed the same 8 stations resistance training in 3 sets with 6-12 maximal repetitions. This training was performed 3 days a week with 65-80% of 1-RM, for 8 weeks. After the 8 weeks intervention, the heavy resistance exercise trial was performed a gain. Blood samples were taken at baseline (1st step), immediately after the first heavy resistance exercise trial (2nd step), 48h after 8 weeks intervention (3rd step) and immediately after the second heavy resistance exercise trial (4th step).

The results showed that sdLDL level was increased after the first heavy resistance exercise trial (P<0.05). After 8 weeks exercise training, sdLDL was decreased compared to 2nd step of blood sampling (P<0.05) and no significant change was observed in sdLDL in this step compare to the baseline. The results indicated that sdLDL level had not significant change after the second heavy resistance exercise trial compare to the 2nd step of blood sampling.

The results suggest regular resistance training with specific intensity and duration utilized in this study, attenuate sdLDL changes after single session of heavy resistance exercise.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is brought about by either insufficient production of insulin or the inability of the body to respond to the insulin formed within the system. The aim of this study was to exam the influence of 8 weeks of aerobic training, resistance training and concurrent training (combined of aerobic and resistance raining) on the metabolic syndrome, and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)) in men diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

In this semi experimental survey, 40 men diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes at Clinic oil company Sirri Island who had the required qualifications were chosen for the survey and were divided into four groups including aerobic training group (Ag)(n=10), resistance training group (Rg) (n=10) concurrent group (CCg) (n=10) and control group (Cg) (n=10). Aerobic, resistance and concurrent groups performed the exercises for 8 weeks under the supervision of skillful trainers. Fasting blood samples were obtained from the subjects prior to breakfast at the beginning and the end of the study to measure blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1 c (Hb A1C), triglyceride (TG), High density lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL), Low density lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL) and insulin resistance (IR). To display central inclination index and distribution indices, descriptive statistics and Wilcoxson non parametric tests were used to examine the data distribution type and to compare the averages of the data prior to/and after the test in each group. Two-way ANOVA test (P<0/05) was used for statistical analyses.

There was significant decrease in the level of HbA1c at the end of the study relatively in the CCg, Ag and Rg (p<0.05). IR also was decrease in CCg (P<0.05). FBS were decrease in CCg (P<0.05), however showed an increase in Rg (P<0.05). In all of the training groups TG and LDL levels did not significant changes. HDL in all training groups increased significantly (P˂0.05). The Ag and CCg showed a decrease in WHR relatively (P<0.05).

Based on the results obtained, CCg decreased blood Hb A1c level, and resistance training diminished serum LDL levels and elevated the HDL level. Therefore, it appears that different types of exercise may be effective in controlling type 2diabetes.

Fatigue occurs in the majority of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and MS – related fatigue is strongly linked to impaired physical activity. Exercise may have beneficial effects on both fatigue and physical performance in MS patients however it is not well known. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks resistance training (RT) on fatigue levels, hormonal related fatigue and physical fitness in female patients with MS.

Twenty seven female with MS disease in a range of 18-48 year of old and EDSS lower than 4.5 participated in this study as the subject. Subjects were divided into control group (n=13) or training group (n=14) randomly.The training group performed progressive RT program, 3 days a week for 8 weeks.

The results showed that fatigue levels decreased and right leg balance (RLB), left leg balance (LLB) and muscular endurance improved after 8 weeks RT compare to the control group (P<0.05). For serum levels of dehydroepiandrestrone sulfate (DHEA-S) no significant differences were observed after the intervention.

The results suggest RT with specific intensity and duration utilized in this study improves decrease fatigue levels and improved physical fitness in female patients with MS.